Python Numbers

In Python, numbers are a fundamental data type used to represent numeric values.

Python provides several built-in numeric types, including integers, floating-point numbers, and complex numbers.

Mainly they are

  1. int
  2. float
  3. complex

Integers (int) :-

Integers are whole numbers, positive or negative, (...,-1, 0, 1,...) without any decimal point. 

In Python, integers have unlimited precision, meaning they can represent arbitrarily large numbers (limited only by available memory)

x = 42
y = -10
z = 0
print(x, type(x))
print(y, type(y))
print(z, type(z))

Floating-point numbers (float) :-

Floating-point numbers, or floats, are numbers with a decimal point ( 1.0, 1.1, 0.2 ).

They are used to represent real numbers and can approximate a wide range of values, including fractions and very large or very small numbers.

a = 3.14
b = -0.5
c = 2.71828
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)

Complex numbers (complex) :-

Complex numbers consist of a real part and an imaginary part, both represented as floating-point numbers.

They are written in the form a + bi, where a is the real part, b is the imaginary part, and i is the imaginary unit (the square root of -1)

z1 = 2 + 3j
z2 = -1j
print(z1)
print(z2)


Note - when working with integers, keep in mind that division (/) between two integers results in a floating-point number, while the floor division (//) operator returns an integer result by discarding any fractional part

# Division (/) between two integers results in a floating-point number
result_float = 10 / 3
print(result_float)  # Output: 3.3333333333333335

# Floor division (//) returns an integer result by discarding any fractional part
result_floor = 10 // 3
print(result_floor)  # Output: 3

# The result is rounded towards negative infinity
result_floor_negative = -10 // 3
print(result_floor_negative)  # Output: -4

# Remainder can be obtained using the modulus operator (%)
remainder = 10 % 3
print(remainder)  # Output: 1